Habibah Nur Rahmatika*, Purwanto**, Narto**
* JKL Poltekkes Kemenkes
Yogyakarta, Jl. Tatabumi No. 3, Banyuraden, Gamping, Sleman, DIY 55293
email: habibahnur.rahmatika@gmail.com
** JKL Poltekkes
Kemenkes Yogyakarta
Abstract
Water is
the most important substance for life. Clean water should comply health
requirements both in terms of the quality and the quantity. Clean water has to
fulfill the quality regulated by the Ministry oh Health’s decree No. 416 in 1990
about physical, chemical, microbiological and radio-activity conditions. Some chemical
and physical requirements for clean water are: the maximum thresholds for: Fe
concentration 1 mg/l, Mn concentration 0,5 mg/ and turbidity 25 NTU. A preli-minary
study conducted at RT 08 RW 02, in Ngampilan of Yogyakarta City, found that a
dig well water there was containing Fe of 4,8 mg/l, Mn of 0,6 mg/l and turbidity
of 2185 NTU, which were exceeding the permitted limits. The study was aimed to know
the influence of variations in the thickness of filtration media, i.e. quartz
sand, activated charcoal and zeolite with up-flow system for the concentration
reduction of Fe, Mn and turbidity in that area. There were three thickness variations
used in the study, namely: Filter A (10 cm, 20 cm and 50 cm), Filter B (20 cm,
20 cm and 40 cm) and Filter C (30 cm, 30 cm and 20 cm), and an experiment with pre-test
post-test with control group design were conducted with five replications. The
study data were analysed by one way anova and LSD tests at 0,05 significance
level. The results showed that Filter B which consisted of 20 cm quartz sand,
20 cm activated charcoal, and 40 cm zeolite, was the most effective filter that
was able to reduce 82,12 % Fe, 73 % Mn and 63,6 % turbidity.
Keywords : dig well water, Fe
concentration, Mn concentration, turbidity,
up-flow system
filtration, quartz sand, activated
charcoal, zeolite
Intisari
Air
merupakan zat yang paling penting dalam kehidupan. Air bersih harus dapat
memenuhi sya-rat-syarat kesehatan secara kualitas maupun kuantitas. Secara
kualitas, air bersih harus meme-nuhi persyaratan yang diatur oleh Permenkes RI
No. 416 tahun 1990 tentang syarat fisik, kimia, mikrobiologi dan radioaktif.
Persyaratan kimia dan fisik untuk air bersih antara lain batas mak-simal kadar
Fe 1 mg/l, kadar Mn 0,5 mg/l dan Kekeruhan 25 NTU. Berdasarkan uji pendahuluan
terhadap air sumur gali di RT 08 RW 02, Ngampilan, Kota Yogyakarta, terukur kadar
Fe sebesar 4,8 mg/l, kadar Mn 0,6 mg/l dan Kekeruhan 2185 NTU, yang berarti
melebihi batas yang dipersyaratkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui
pengaruh variasi ketebalan media fil-trasi pasir kuarsa, arang aktif dan zeolit
dengan sistem up-flow terhadap penurunan kadar Fe, Mn dan kekeruhan di lokasi
di atas. Ada tiga variasi ketebalan filtrasi yang digunakan, yaitu: Filter A
(10 cm, 20 cm dan 50 cm), Filter B (20 cm, 20 cm dan 40 cm) dan Filter C (30
cm, 30 cm dan 20 cm). Metoda penelitian yang dilakukan adalah eksperimen dengan desain pre-test post-test
with control group dengan lima kali ulangan. Data penelitian diuji dengan one
way anova dan LSD pada taraf signifikansi 0,05. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan
bahwa Filter B, yaitu ke-tebalan pasir kuarsa 20 cm, arang aktif 20 cm dan
zeolit 40 cm adalah yang paling efektif, de-ngan presentase penurunan kadar Fe
sebesar 82,12 %, kadar Mn sebesar 73 % dan kadar ke-keruhan sebesar 63,6 %.
Kata
Kunci
: air sumur gali, kadar besi, kadar mangan, kekeruhan,
filtrasi sistem up-flow
pasir kuarsa, arang
aktif, zeolit
Sanitasi, Jurnal Kesehatan
Lingkungan, Vol.6, No.3, Februari 2015, Hal 142 - 150
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