EFEKTIVITAS PENAMBAHAN KOAGULAN DAN MEDIA FILTRASI DALAM MENURUNKAN KADAR TSS, AMONIA DAN FOSFAT LIMBAH CAIR RSPAU Dr. SUHARDI HARDJOLUKITO YOGYAKARTA

Sanitasi, Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan, Vol.5, No.3, Februari 2014, Hal 132 - 139 

EFEKTIVITAS PENAMBAHAN KOAGULAN DAN MEDIA FILTRASI

DALAM MENURUNKAN KADAR TSS, AMONIA DAN FOSFAT

LIMBAH CAIR RSPAU Dr. SUHARDI HARDJOLUKITO YOGYAKARTA

Donni Septiandi*, Bambang Suwerda**, Adib Suyanto**

* JKL Poltekkes Kemenkes Yogyakarta, Jl. Tatabumi 3, Gamping, Sleman, DIY 55293

email: donniseptiandi21@gmail.com

** JKL Poltekkes Kemenkes Yogyakarta

Abstract Activities in hospitals not only bring positive impact to general community, but also potential of reduce the quality of environment and public health, e.g. negative effect from the yielded waste.  Based on the preliminary study on the liquid waste produced by Air Force Hospital Dr. Suhardi Hardjolukito in Yogyakarta, it was found that the concentration of TSS, ammonia and phosphate were exceeding the quality standard regulated by Yogyakarta Governor’s Decree No 07 in 2010. The aim of the study was to understand the effectiveness of the addition of coagulant consisted of lime and alum, with filtration media of 40 cm-thick quartz sand and 40 cm-thick zeolite in reducing the concentration of the three parameters by conducting a true experiment with pre-test post-test with control group design. The object of this research was the processed liquid waste from the hospital and the subsequent waste water sample were obtained by using composite sampling me-thod. The study was carried out in five replications and taken place at Yogyakarta Polytechnic of Health. Meanwhile, the examination of the parameters were conducted in Health Laboratory Office of Yogyakarta. The data were statistically tested by using one way anova, and the results showed that the coagulants and quartz sand could decrease the concentration of TSS, ammonia and phos-phate as much as 30,91 %, 39,32 % and 36,44%, respectively; while the coagulants and zeolite could lower the concentration of TSS by 46,89 %, ammonia by 68,37 %, and phosphate by 68,38 %). Because the following p-values gained from the statistic test were 0,003; 0,007; and <0 able="" ammonia="" and="" as="" be="" can="" coagulant="" concentration="" concluded="" de-termined="" effective="" filter.="" filtration="" for="" in="" it="" liquid="" media="" most="" phosphate="" reducing="" respectively="" significantly="" span="" that="" the="" tss="" was="" waste="" were="" zeolite="">      Keywords : hospital liquid waste, coagulant, lime, alum, filtration media, quartz sand, zeolite,                     total suspended solid, ammonia, phospate Intisari Kegiatan rumah sakit tidak saja memberikan dampak positif bagi masyarakat, tetapi mempunyai potensi besar untuk menurunkan kualitas lingkungan dan kesehatan masyarakat, di antaranya karena limbah yang dihasilkan. Berdasarkan uji pendahuluan terhadap limbah cair yang ada di RSPAU Dr. Hardjolukito Yogyakarta, diperoleh hasil bahwa kadar TSS, NH3 bebas dan fosfat  ma-sih melebihi baku mutu yang diatur oleh SK Gubernur DIY No 07 Tahun 2010. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efektivitas penambahan koagulan berupa kapur dan tawas, dengan me-dia filtrasi pasir kuarsa berketebalan 40 cm serta media filtrasi zeolit berketebalan 40 cm dalam menurunkan kadar ke tiga parameter limbah tersebut, dengan melakukan penelitian true experi-ment dengan rancangan pre-test post-test with control group. Obyek penelitian adalah limbah cair terolah RSPAU Dr. Hardjolukito dan cara pengambilan sampel menggunakan metoda composite sampling. Penelitian dilakukan dalam lima kali ulangan di Politeknik Kesehatan Yogyakarta, se-mentara pemeriksaan parameter yang diteliti dilakukan di Balai Laboratorium Kesehatan Yogya-karta. Data hasil pemeriksaan diuji dengan one way anova, dan hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa penambahan koagulan dan media filtrasi pasir kuarsa dapat menurunkan kadar TSS sebanyak 30,91 %, amonia sebanyak 39,32 %, dan fosfat sebanyak 36,44 %. Sementara itu, penambahan koagulan dan media filtrasi zeolit dapat menurunkan kadar TSS sebanyak 46,89 %, amonia se-banyak 68,37 %, dan fosfat sebanyak 68,38 %. Nilai p yang diperoleh dari uji anova untuk kadar TSS, amonia dan fosfat, secara berturut-turut adalah sebesar 0,003; 0,007; dan < 0,001; sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa penambahan koagulan dan media filtrasi yang digunakan dalam pe-nelitian ini mampu menurunkan kadar TSS, amonia dan fosfat di dalam limbah cair secara ber-makna; dan media filtrasi yang lebih efektif adalah zeolit.     Kata Kunci : limbah cair rumah sakit, koagulan, kapur, tawas, media filtrasi, pasir kuarsa,  zeolit,                       padatan terlarut total, amonia, fosfat.